Hybrid Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) for Building Structures: A Literature Review on Material Characteristics and Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20527/bpi.v9i1.299Keywords:
Engineered Cementitious Composites, Hybrid Fiber, Hybrid Cementitious , Sustainable Green Building, Soft SoilAbstract
Indonesia lies within the Pacific Ring of Fire and faces high seismic risk, especially in soft-soil areas. Low stiffness and low density in soft soils can amplify seismic waves and increase surface acceleration, demanding earthquake-resistant infrastructure that is also sustainable. Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are advanced cement-based materials reported to provide superior crack control and ductility compared with conventional concrete. This paper presents a qualitative-descriptive literature review on ECC behavior and its potential for seismic-resistant construction on soft ground, emphasizing hybrid fiber and hybrid cementitious approaches. ECC is characterized by strain-hardening, high tensile ductility, controlled micro-cracking, and high energy-absorption capacity, which are beneficial under earthquake loading. The reviewed studies indicate that combining fibers (e.g., PVA–PP hybrids) with supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash and silica fume can enhance mechanical performance while supporting green building objectives through the use of industrial by-products and locally available ingredients. Overall, hybrid ECC is consistently reported to address key challenges in soft soils, including differential deformation and moisture-related durability concerns, and is therefore a promising adaptive and sustainable option for earthquake-resistant infrastructure in Indonesia.References
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